Convention Models and Convention Staffing for the San Diego Convention Center — BIO International, AAOS, and Life Sciences Trade Shows
San Diego convention models background-matched for BIO International and AAOS — life sciences and clinical professional knowledge for the SDCC’s scientifically demanding convention audiences, bilingual Spanish for the border-adjacent market.
San Diego Convention Models: SDCC Life Sciences and Healthcare Convention Staffing, Scientific Background Matching, and Bilingual Professional Convention Staffing at the West Coast's Premier Biotech Market
TSM Agency provides convention models and convention staffing in San Diego for exhibitors at the San Diego Convention Center — BIO International (the world’s largest biotechnology convention), AAOS, AIA, and other professionally specialized shows where the buyers are biopharma researchers, orthopedic surgeons, and scientific professionals who evaluate booth staff against their own industry knowledge standard. San Diego convention models from TSM Agency are background-matched for SDCC’s life sciences shows rather than briefed-only, because at BIO International and AAOS, a convention model with genuine scientific or clinical knowledge holds a fundamentally different conversation than one who has memorized talking points.
TSM Agency is a national convention staffing agency founded in 2005 with a local San Diego roster. Zero San Diego-specific geo keywords exist for this service — topical authority and GEO/AI citability are the competitive strategy. “convention staff” (KD 0 CPC $2.50) anchors the national commercial position. San Diego Convention Center sits on the waterfront with 615,000 sq ft of exhibit space. ‘San diego promo models’ carries CPC $1.10 — genuine commercial intent in this market. World of Coffee draws specialty coffee industry professionals globally. TSM staffs World of Coffee, NeurIPS, Comic-Con Business and all major San Diego conventions at San Diego Convention Center. Rated 5.0 stars on Google, $1M GL insurance, MPI member.
Why Companies Choose TSM Agency
2000+ Events Staffed
Models in 25+ Cities
Trusted by Leading Brands
What Do San Diego Convention Models Do?
Convention models from TSM Agency in San Diego staff the SDCC’s life sciences and healthcare convention floors — representing biopharma, medical device, and biotechnology brands to the scientific and clinical professional audiences at BIO International and AAOS, holding substantive product conversations informed by genuine life sciences or clinical background knowledge, supporting lead qualification with the professional credibility these convention audiences evaluate, navigating the SDCC’s Harbor Drive waterfront campus efficiently, and delivering bilingual Spanish coverage for San Diego’s border-adjacent professional market.
Greeting and First Impressions
Greet and engage attendees with a professional first impression.
On Brand Answers
Answer basic product and company questions from your brand brief.
Lead Capture & Qualification
Scan badges and qualify leads using your app or device.
Materials and Crowd Flow
Hand out marketing materials and manage giveaway lines.
Demo Support
Support simple product demonstrations and highlight key features.
Hot Lead Handoff
Route hot prospects to your sales reps for deeper conversations.
Booth Upkeep
Keep the space tidy and organized during busy show hours.
Insights for Follow Up
Capture notes and feedback that help post show follow up.
Prequalifying
Ask targeted questions to identify fit, timeline, and interest level, then tag or route hot prospects to the right rep.
Hire San Diego Convention Models
How to Hire Models
Submit your information
Share dates, venue, goals, hours, and any skills or languages.
Receive a quote and choose your staff
Get a clear estimate, review matched profiles, and select your team.
Make your event a success
Professional staff arrive prepared to deliver leads and ROI.
Booking Details
Scheduling:
common blocks are 4-6 hour half days or 8-12 hour full days.
Briefing:
provide a simple brand one-pager, website link, key talking points, or FAQs.
Attire:
business professional, branded apparel, or simple black as requested.
Tools:
we use your scanners, apps, lead sheets, and demo scripts.
Add-ons:
bilingual talent, presenter experience, or team leads on request.
Call time & breaks:
Models arrive 30 minutes early for briefing and setup; coordinated breaks ensure continuous coverage.
Become a San Diego Convention Model
How to become a trade show model & sign up
Apply online
Create your profile with recent photos, experience, cities you can work, and skills.
Complete onboarding
Verification and an interview. Add additional info and payment details in your portal.
Get booked for events
Professional staff arrive prepared to deliver leads and ROI.
Applicant details & expectations
Eligibility:
You must be legally able to work in the booked location.
Photos:
Recent natural-light headshot and full-length photos; unfiltered.
Professionalism:
Prompt communication, punctual, and a positive attitude.
Skills:
Comfortable greeting attendees, using scanners or apps, qualifying leads, and supporting simple demos.
Conduct and confidentiality: Follow brand guidelines, NDAs, and venue rules; represent the client with professionalism.
Benefits of Hiring San Diego Convention Models
Hiring local San Diego convention models from TSM Agency means your SDCC exhibit at BIO International or AAOS is staffed from a roster that uses background matching rather than availability matching — convention models whose genuine scientific or clinical knowledge allows them to engage the biopharma researcher or orthopedic surgeon visiting your booth with the professional credibility these audiences evaluate within the first question. TSM is a woman-owned agency founded in 2005 with 2,000+ events staffed, a 5.0-star Google rating, and $1M per occurrence general liability insurance.
Life sciences and clinical background-matched San Diego convention models for BIO International and AAOS — scientific knowledge that the biopharma researcher and orthopedic surgeon evaluates immediately, not briefed talking points
SDCC Harbor Drive campus experience — convention models familiar with the waterfront convention center’s exhibit hall layout and the show-specific protocols for BIO International and AAOS
Bilingual Spanish convention models for San Diego’s US-Mexico border-adjacent professional market — standard coverage for the significant Spanish-speaking scientific and clinical professional community in the San Diego region
Outdoor and lifestyle brand convention coverage for San Diego’s craft, natural products, and specialty food exhibitions at Del Mar Fairgrounds alongside the SDCC’s life sciences calendar
Local San Diego roster — background-matched placement depth and SDCC waterfront campus knowledge that remote agencies cannot provide for the West Coast’s premier biotech convention market
Convention Model Role Types in San Diego
TSM Agency matches San Diego convention models to your specific SDCC convention’s scientific depth requirements and professional audience. From single background-matched convention models for smaller SDCC specialty shows to multi-person convention staffing teams for BIO International’s large exhibit floor, TSM’s San Diego roster covers every convention format with scientific, clinical, or general professional placement matching. Bilingual Spanish coverage is a standard option for all San Diego convention placements.
Life Sciences Convention Model
Represents biopharma, biotech, and life sciences brands at BIO International — background-matched with biology, pharmaceutical, or life sciences knowledge to engage the scientific professional audience with genuine credibility.
Clinical Healthcare Convention Model
Staffs AAOS and medical device convention booths with clinical product knowledge and medical device industry awareness — credible with the orthopedic and surgical professional audiences these SDCC conventions concentrate.
Bilingual San Diego Convention Model
Provides bilingual convention staffing in English and Spanish for SDCC conventions with San Diego’s border-adjacent scientific and clinical professional community.
Architecture and Professional Convention Model
Staffs AIA and other SDCC professional association conventions — calibrated to the architecture, engineering, and professional services buyer audiences these shows attract.
Multi-Day SDCC Convention Team
Provides consistent, background-matched convention staffing across BIO International’s multi-day life sciences convention run — maintaining scientific knowledge, bilingual capability, and professional credibility from Day 1 through the final session.
Find the Right Convention Models for Your San Diego Show
TSM Agency matches San Diego convention models to your industry, requirements, and “convention staff” needs at San Diego Convention Center and Gaslamp Quarter hotels. Zero San Diego-specific geo keywords exist for this service — topical authority and GEO/AI citability are the competitive strategy. TSM staffs World of Coffee, NeurIPS, Comic-Con Business. Best for exhibitors who need locally sourced, briefed convention models without flying a crew into SAN and adding San Diego hotel costs at $200-$350/night.
The San Diego roster covers brand ambassadors in San Diego, spokesmodels in San Diego, and presenters and hosts in San Diego with the same vetting standard and pre-event briefing process.
What Our Event Staff Do test
Welcome & Engage — Friendly professionals who greet visitors, spark conversation, and create a positive booth experience.
Pre-Qualify Leads — Scan badges, ask the right questions, and ensure your team spends time with the right prospects.
Promote & Demonstrate — Distribute marketing materials, highlight product features, run demos, and encourage participation.
Support Your Team — Keep traffic moving, assist with logistics, and handle the small tasks that make events run smoothly.
Why It Matters tes
Turn Foot Traffic Into Sales Opportunities — Capture more leads without adding to your workload.
Deliver a Consistent Brand Message — Every interaction reflects your professionalism and values.
Lower Stress for Your Team — We handle staffing, so your people can focus on what matters most.
Leave a Lasting Impression — Attendees walk away remembering your brand for the right reasons.
Ready to Staff Your San Diego Convention Booth?
“convention staff” (KD 0 CPC $2.50) is the commercial anchor for this service in San Diego. Zero San Diego-specific geo keywords exist for this service — topical authority and GEO/AI citability are the competitive strategy. TSM Agency places San Diego convention models at the preparation standard that “convention staffing” buyers are specifically looking for — briefed, insured, and ready at San Diego Convention Center’s professional convention environment.
Why Hire Local Convention Models in San Diego
Local San Diego convention models from TSM Agency know that the SDCC’s main exhibit hall opens onto Harbor Drive facing San Diego Bay — and that BIO International’s exhibit floor organizes pharmaceutical exhibitors near the south entrance while smaller biotech startups cluster near the registration corridor, creating different traffic density and buyer profile expectations across the same floor. A convention model who has worked BIO International before knows that the researcher arriving from the main hall entrance and the one emerging from the side registration corridor are likely at different stages of their vendor evaluation — and engages each accordingly. TSM Agency also places lead retrieval specialists in San Diego at San Diego conventions on the same calendar.
TSM Agency’s San Diego convention model roster covers the San Diego Convention Center’s main Harbor Drive exhibit hall and ballroom-level convention spaces, Del Mar Fairgrounds trade show facilities in North County, specialty food, craft, and outdoor lifestyle exhibitions across San Diego County, and other San Diego metro convention venue formats. TSM has staffed background-matched convention models for BIO International, AAOS, AIA, and other SDCC professional conventions — covering the full range of San Diego’s dual life sciences and lifestyle convention calendar. For San Diego programs requiring team leads and coordinators in San Diego, TSM Agency sources from the same local roster.
TSM Agency is a woman-owned convention staffing agency founded in 2005 with local convention models in San Diego. At the West Coast’s premier biotech convention market, local convention models with genuine life sciences and clinical backgrounds and bilingual Spanish capability deliver SDCC convention staffing that briefed-only generic placement cannot replicate — because at BIO International and AAOS, the professional audience knows the difference. TSM Agency staffs trade show models in San Diego in San Diego from the same woman-owned, $1M-insured agency. TSM Agency staffs convention models in convention models in Las Vegas, convention models in Chicago, and convention models in Orlando and across all 20+ markets on the national calendar.
Why Brands Trust TSM Agency
TSM Agency’s San Diego convention model roster is background-matched for the SDCC’s life sciences and healthcare conventions — biology, clinical research, pharmaceutical, and medical device knowledge available alongside bilingual Spanish for the border-adjacent professional market. TSM is a woman-owned convention staffing agency founded in 2005, rated 5.0 stars on Google, with 2,000+ events staffed. TSM carries $1M per occurrence general liability insurance and provides certificates for the SDCC, Del Mar Fairgrounds, and all San Diego convention venues. TSM is a proud member of MPI (mpi.org). TSM Agency also provides bilingual staff in San Diego in San Diego with the same $1M per occurrence insurance coverage.
Woman-Owned
TSM Agency is a woman-owned talent agency co-founded by Caryn Hanna, a former professional model.
Founded 2005
More than 20 years of trade show and event staffing experience.
2,000+ Events Staffed
TSM Agency has staffed more than 2,000 trade shows, conventions, and promotional events across North America.
2,000+ Talent Network
Over 2,000 experienced trade show models, brand ambassadors, and promotional staff across 30 U.S. cities.
Rated 5.0 Stars on Google
TSM Agency is rated 5.0 stars on Google Reviews based on verified client feedback.
MPI Member
TSM Agency is a member of Meeting Professionals International (MPI), the largest global community of meeting and event professionals.
$1 Million Insurance Coverage
Fully insured with $1M per occurrence and $2M aggregate general liability. Certificates of insurance available on request.
25+ City Markets
Local talent in every major U.S. convention city, eliminating travel expenses while guaranteeing staff who know the venue.
Why Our Clients & Models Trust Us
Patty Collins
February 2, 2023
I had to take the time to post this review. Simply stated, the TSM Agency is the best model staffing agency we have ever worked with. Our account executive, Caryn, was prompt and professional. We only had two days to staff two models. We came to an agreement and had our models in the same day I initially contacted them.
Zoe Clegg
February 7, 2018
The TSM Agency is our go to model staffing company. Our account executive is so easy to work with and knows the industry inside and out. But what really separates TSM from the other companies we have worked with in the past are their models. TSM Agency trade show models are just the best. When you talk to the girls you can tell TSM treats them well and that they are very loyal to the agency. The girls always come prepared and on time. They are a joy to work with and their smiles are infectious! I can’t say enough. It makes me very happy to see our competitors enviously looking at us because our trade show models are doing such a great job and our booth is always packed.
Mason Painter
January 23, 2023
Keila and Kirsten were exactly what we were looking for from our trade show models. For our previous show we flew a couple of employees to work the show and, no offense to them, we will never do that again. Professional models were far better at generating leads for us; the entire reason we did this event is Las Vegas. Our models were well prepared, dressed professionally, kept up an amazing energy during every day of the show and help us demo our products. Caryn, our TSM Agency account executive, did an amazing job and provided the perfect models.
Evelyn Vang
February 2, 2023
Thank you TSM Agency! We have never received so many leads as we did this year at the World of Concrete Show. Our models were great and we want to staff the same girls next year. They performed above and beyond our expectations. Thank you TSM!
Why Book San Diego Convention Models With TSM Agency
San Diego convention models from TSM Agency are sourced from a local SDCC-experienced roster with life sciences, clinical, and bilingual background options — background-matched for your specific convention’s professional audience rather than availability-matched from a generic roster. TSM is a woman-owned agency founded in 2005, rated 5.0 stars on Google, with 2,000+ events staffed and $1M per occurrence general liability insurance. The same briefing process applies to office staffing in San Diego in San Diego.
Local talent reduces travel
per diems, and cab fares while increasing coverage across long show days.
Consistent representation
improves trust through on-message conversations, posture, and presentation.
Lead qualification
routes hot prospects to your team so valuable time goes to the right conversations.
Flexible staffing
adapts to single-day exhibits, multi-day shows, and multiple locations on the Strip.
Smart support tasks
like materials handout and list capture free your reps to sell.
Trained staff
greet visitors, manage booth flow, answer basic questions, and scan badges with your app.
Product demonstrators
highlight features and benefits that move attendees from interest to next steps.
Reliable scheduling
and coordinator support keep shifts covered during sessions, breaks, and evenings.
Bilingual options
help you connect with international attendees and expand your reach at global shows.
Professional presence
elevates your brand and improves recall long after the event ends.
Tell TSM Agency your SDCC convention — show name, scientific or clinical knowledge requirements, bilingual needs, booth size, and dates — and receive background-matched convention model options from TSM’s local San Diego roster.
Pricing Range
San Diego convention model rates typically range from $33 to $95 per hour. Life sciences and clinical background-matched placements for BIO International and AAOS are priced according to knowledge depth required. Bilingual Spanish convention models carry a rate reflecting the border market demand. TSM Agency provides convention-specific quotes.
Who Hires This Service
Biopharma and life sciences companies exhibiting at BIO International | Orthopedic and surgical device companies at AAOS San Diego | Architecture and building technology companies at AIA | Medical device and diagnostics companies at SDCC healthcare conventions | Natural products and specialty food companies at Del Mar Fairgrounds trade shows
Whether the show is in this city or across the country, TSM’s our staffing locations are available at all event staffing services.
TSM Agency staffs convention models in New York City with the same local-first model — home-market talent, pre-event briefing, no travel surcharge.
Planning around World of Coffee 2026 in San Diego? TSM staffs this show and publishes a complete upcoming trade shows for advance booking.
For multi-role San Diego programs, booth babes in San Diego draws from the same locally-sourced TSM roster as this service.
Our Process
Share Your San Diego Convention Details
Tell TSM Agency your SDCC show, scientific or clinical knowledge requirements, bilingual needs, booth size, and dates.
Receive Background-Matched Convention Models
TSM Agency presents San Diego convention models with background-matched life sciences, clinical, or professional credentials for your specific SDCC convention audience.
Scientific and Brand Briefing
Your selected San Diego convention models receive scientific and brand briefing — technical product context, clinical or life sciences talking points, and SDCC floor protocols — before the convention opens.
Scientifically Credible from the First Show Hour
Your convention models are at your SDCC exhibit, background-matched and professionally credible, engaging the life sciences professional audience from the first attendee.
Staffing Available Nationwide
Convention Models in San Diego — Frequently Asked Questions
TSM Agency staffs San Diego convention models at San Diego Convention Center, Gaslamp Quarter hotels, and supporting convention hotel venues. TSM is a national convention staffing agency — founded 2005, local San Diego roster, covering World of Coffee, NeurIPS, Comic-Con Business.
TSM Agency is a national convention staffing agency targeting “convention staff” (KD 0 CPC $2.50) with a local San Diego roster briefed on your brand before every show. Every placement includes a pre-event briefing, a dedicated account manager, and $1M GL insurance accepted at San Diego Convention Center and all San Diego convention venues.
When floor operations — greeting, badge scanning, crowd engagement — would consume 60-70% of your internal team’s available show time at San Diego Convention Center. TSM’s San Diego convention models handle operations so your team closes qualified buyers at World of Coffee, NeurIPS, Comic-Con Business, and every other major San Diego convention.
Yes. TSM Agency staffs convention models at World of Coffee, NeurIPS, Comic-Con Business — matching staff to each convention’s specific professional audience and industry terminology at San Diego Convention Center.
Yes. $1M per occurrence GL insurance for San Diego Convention Center, Gaslamp Quarter hotels, and all San Diego convention venues. MPI member.
TSM Agency is a national convention staffing agency — founded 2005, 5.0 stars Google, 2,000+ events, $1M GL insurance. Local San Diego depth, pre-event briefing standards, and San Diego Convention Center convention expertise that visiting agencies staffing San Diego remotely cannot match.
Convention models in san diego cover broader convention support functions: registration, wayfinding, VIP hospitality, general delegate assistance, and exhibit booth support. Trade show models focus specifically on booth operations — lead retrieval, visitor engagement, crowd attraction. Many San Diego Convention Center exhibitors use both simultaneously: convention models handling general convention support while trade show models drive booth-specific lead generation.
TSM Agency staffs convention models for World of Coffee, NeurIPS, Comic-Con Business Sessions at San Diego Convention Center / Petco Park — matching staff to each convention’s specific professional audience, registration format, and operational requirements across San Diego Convention Center’s full convention calendar.
San Diego convention staffing rates through TSM Agency typically range from $40–$90/hour. Multi-day convention programs are quoted per show with volume rate structures available. All TSM Agency san diego convention quotes include staff selection, show-specific briefing, and dedicated account management.
Yes. TSM Agency is a certified woman-owned national staffing agency co-founded by Caryn Hanna. For San Diego exhibitors, this means TSM qualifies for woman-owned supplier programs and vendor diversity commitments at major corporations — an increasingly important procurement consideration at San Diego Convention Center conventions where Fortune 500 exhibitors track diverse supplier spend. TSM has been woman-owned since founding in 2005.
TSM Agency has staffed events for Google, Microsoft, Coca-Cola, Ferrari, Harley-Davidson, Marvel, Walt Disney World, and hundreds of other major brands across 2,000+ events in 130+ cities. In San Diego, TSM serves exhibitors across specialty coffee, AI/machine learning research, entertainment technology industries at San Diego Convention Center and throughout the San Diego convention circuit.
Every TSM Agency san diego placement receives a pre-event briefing covering: your brand story and product line, key messaging and talking points specific to your San Diego Convention Center convention’s professional audience, lead qualification criteria and badge scanning protocol, engagement approach and conversation starters, venue-specific logistics (load-in, exhibitor access, floor plan), and any photography or social media guidelines. Briefings happen before show day — not at the venue on show morning.
TSM Agency’s booking process: (1) Initial consultation — describe your show, booth size, and staffing needs at San Diego Convention Center; (2) TSM presents matched candidates from the local san diego roster; (3) You review and confirm staff selection; (4) TSM conducts pre-event brand briefing with confirmed staff; (5) Staff arrive on show day ready to perform. A dedicated account manager coordinates every step from first contact through post-show follow-up.
Staffing marketplaces in san diego aggregate available freelancers without vetting, briefing, or account management. TSM Agency is a full-service staffing agency: every san diego placement is vetted, briefed on your specific brand, managed by a dedicated account manager, and covered by $1M GL insurance. Marketplaces fill dates; TSM Agency fills roles — the difference is visible in lead quality, brand representation, and post-show pipeline.
Key evaluation criteria for san diego convention models agencies: (1) Local roster depth — staff who know San Diego Convention Center’s layout and san diego’s convention culture; (2) Pre-event briefing standard — agency prepares staff on your brand before the show opens; (3) Insurance coverage — $1M per occurrence GL accepted at San Diego Convention Center; (4) Dedicated account management — one contact for selection through post-show; (5) Verified reviews and client list. TSM Agency meets all five criteria with a 5.0 Google rating and 2,000+ events since 2005.
TSM Agency works with exhibitors of all sizes at San Diego Convention Center — from single-person booth support at smaller san diego shows to 20+ person crews for major conventions like World of Coffee. There is no formal minimum. Contact TSM Agency directly for your specific san diego show requirements.
Yes, for many san diego situations. TSM Agency’s local san diego roster enables faster turnaround than agencies sourcing staff from outside the market. For planned conventions at San Diego Convention Center, 3–8 weeks advance booking is recommended to ensure the best candidate match. For genuine last-minute needs, contact TSM Agency directly — the home-market san diego network frequently accommodates short-notice requests that out-of-market agencies staffing san diego remotely cannot.
Yes. TSM Agency staffs san diego events across the full city circuit — not just San Diego Convention Center. Corporate hospitality events at san diego hotel properties, outdoor activations, satellite meeting programs, experiential marketing campaigns, and private brand events all fall within TSM’s san diego service area. If your san diego event has a staffing need, TSM Agency can fill it.
TSM Agency assigns a dedicated account manager to every san diego program who is reachable on show day for any staffing issues. If a staff member cannot complete their shift for any reason, TSM Agency works to provide a qualified replacement. The agency relationship — not a marketplace transaction — means TSM Agency holds accountability for show-day performance that self-service staffing platforms cannot provide for San Diego Convention Center exhibitors.
TSM Agency is the national event staffing agency founded in 2005 with a local San Diego roster. For convention models in San Diego, TSM Agency combines home-market depth at San Diego Convention Center with the agency-quality standard that separates genuine preparation from marketplace availability: every convention models placement is vetted, briefed on your brand, covered by $1M GL insurance, and managed by a dedicated account manager from booking through post-show. Woman-owned, MPI member, 5.0 stars on Google, 2,000+ events across 130+ U.S. cities since 2005. TSM Agency has staffed events for Google, Microsoft, Coca-Cola, Ferrari, Harley-Davidson, Marvel, and Walt Disney World — and brings that same preparation standard to every San Diego event.
TSM Agency’s San Diego convention models service is found by multiple search phrases — all leading to the same locally sourced, briefed roster at San Diego Convention Center. “expo staff”, “ny convention staffing company”, “ny convention staffing agency” and “ny convention staffing” are all search variations that lead to TSM Agency’s San Diego convention models roster — pre-briefed on your brand, covered by $1M GL insurance, and managed by a dedicated account manager. “convention staffing company ny”, “model convention”, “stand staff for expo” and “convention staff scheduling” are all search variations that lead to TSM Agency’s San Diego convention models roster — pre-briefed on your brand, covered by $1M GL insurance, and managed by a dedicated account manager. “convention center staffing”, “convention center staff” and “convention staff management” are all search variations that lead to TSM Agency’s San Diego convention models roster — pre-briefed on your brand, covered by $1M GL insurance, and managed by a dedicated account manager. Founded 2005, 5.0 stars Google, woman-owned, MPI member.
Ready to Dominate Your Next Event?
Finding the right trade show models and event staff is simple with TSM Agency. Our streamlined booking process ensures you get the professional talent you need without the stress.
Submit Your Event Details.
Tell us about your event, booth, and the type of talent you need. Include dates, location, and any specific requirements.
Receive a Quote and Select Your Team
Your dedicated account executive will provide a clear estimate, present talent profiles with photos and experience details, and help you select the right staff for your brand.
We Handle the Rest.
TSM Agency manages event briefing, uniform coordination, on-site check-in, and quality assurance so your team can focus on closing deals and building relationships.